Internal-combustion engine



May 29, 1928.

c. G. BARRETT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 18. 1922 Patented May 29, 192 28...

YUNITED' STATES PATENT orrlc cmiatns G.- BARRETT, or BROOKLINE, massacnusn'rrs, ASSIGNOR TO won'rfime- 'ronrum AND macnmnnr coaronarron, or NEW YORK, n. Y., A coaroan- TION OiF VIRGINIA.

m'rnnnan-comfnus'r'ron ENGINE.

Application filed January 18, 1922. Serial No. 530,107.

The invention relates to internal combustion engines, more especially ofthe oil burning injection type, independent of whether'it is a two or four cycle operation.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved engine in which supercom-- pressed air is injected into the combustion chamber during a part of the stroke for the purpose of creating turbulence and effecting a thorough intermingling of the air and fuel and thus assisting the fuel vaporization and combustion.

The invention consists of structural char-- while the right half shows the position of the parts when the pistomis at the end of its compression stroke. a; i

30 Figure 2 i's'an enlarged longitudinal view of the-valve for spraying or injecting the fuel into the cylinder, and

.Figure 3 is a bottomview of the distributor plate of the valve shown in Fig- 5 are 2.

Referring to the drawings, represents the cylinder which is providedwith the head 11 having a fuel injecting orvspray valve l2 preferably arranged as shown. Within the inner side of the head 11 is formed e combustion chamber 13, and cast integral with or formed on the underside of the cylinder head 11 is a circular flanged lip 14 which forms with the upper end of the cylinder 5 wall an annular recess or airsuper-compression chamber 15, for purposes to be-herein- I after explained.

16 is the plston inneii-eiidepreferably dished, and a ring or annula'1'?""-"exten-- sion or projection 17 is provided on its outer circumference, as shown, and so constructed and arranged .as to have said extension 17 enter the recess 1. dur ng he latter part of the piston stroke with such mechanical clearance as may be necessary or desirable, the circumferential clearance between the adjacent cylindrical surfaces of the flanged lip 14 and extension 17 forming the preferred means of communication between the supercompression chamber or annular recess and the combustion chamber 13.

The fuel injecting or spray valve 12may be'of any improved or approved type, but is preferably of the construction shown in which the opening 18 is connected with any suitable fuel injection pump, not 'shown,

while 19 is an air relief valve having a discharge opening 20 leading to the atmosphere. 21 is a valve held to its seat, by spring 22 and controlling the communication with the orifices 23 of the spray valve 12, and'said orificesare so constructed and arranged in' a circle concentric with the axis of the valve 12, as to Cause the fuel jets issuing from said orifices 23 to substantially take the directions as indicated by the dotted lines a a, and impinge on the piston prefer-.

ably in-a circular area in close proximity to the delivery end of the communicating passage or passages between the super-compression chamber and the combustion chamher or cylinder clearance space 13, the path of the super-compressed air being illustrated by the arrows b, in Figure 1.

The operation of the invention is as follows:

Assuming the parts of the engine to be in position as shown on the left half of Figure 1 been definitely blocked ofl from the remaining air confined in the combustion chamber 13 ofthe cylinder. 10, except for the annular clearance and communicating passage bethe air contained in the chamber 15 has tween the adjacent cylindrical surfaces of the flanged lip Hand extension -17 of the piston 16, and further movementof said pis.-.

ton 16 to the position shown on the right of Figure 1, tends to super-compress this blocked off air in the chamber 15. above the pressure existing in said combustion chamber 13 to such an extent asto force it violently through said annular clearance and communicating passage between the lip 14 and extension .17, 'into the chamber 13 in th path indicated by the arrows b.

Before the pi ton reache the endlof its compression stroke, and duringthe supercompression period described above, fuel. is, injected through the circularly arranged spray valve orifices 23 in the general direction of the lines a a, Figure 1, in a relatively coarse spray, into the turbulent atmosphere created by the super-compressed air blast, so that the fuel and air are rapidly, uniformly" and thoroughly intermingled with resultant approximately complete combustion. This is due to the fact that the fuel not thoroughly vaporized in its passage through the air in the combustion chamber 13 strikes the piston with considerable velocity and impact just inside the piston extension or ring 17, this remaining fuel being immediately partially vaporized and partially broken up into minute globules, when both the vaporized fuel and said globules are caught in the super-compressed air blast playing over the piston 16 at this point and thoroughly mixed with the air of the combustion chamber, where the final vaporization of the fuel globules is completed. Furthermore, this contact of the fuel spray on the exposed surface of the piston aids in keeping said piston cool, due to the fuel spray absorbing heat during'its vaporization from the piston, and thereby assists in preventing over-heating of the piston, which is a distinct advantage and important feature of the present construction and arrangement.

, This process of prolonging the final vaporization of the fuel necessarily extends the combustion of the fuel over a corresponding period of the cycle, thus avoiding an objectionable and injurious rise. of pres-. sure in the combustion chamber and insuring .a greater smoothness of operation and more uniformity of torque than is possible with a; more explosive combustion. This period of combustion can be made more or;

- less instantaneous by varying the coarseness of the fuel spray issuing from the orifices 23, which, as will be 'read1ly understood, regulates or varies the proportion of the fuel' im-' pinging against and to be vaporized by thepiston 16.

It will be noted that as the piston recedes on its power stroke, a second period of air turbulence will be caused by the expansion of the gases into the super-compression chamber 15, thereby setting up currents during the expansion stroke which will effectively assist in attaining complete combustion andhence smokeless exhaust.

From the foregoing disclosure-of construction and operation of the invention, it will be seen that there is produced an internal combustion engine of the so-called solid injection type, in which the super-compression of the air is effected. within the cylinder walls, and the super-compressed air 1s most efiiciently utilized for the purpose of producing turbulence and assisting combustion in the combustion space, and while I have shown and particularly described a twocycle type, for the reason that the omission of air'and exhaust valves in the cylinder simplifies the design, it will be understood that the essential features of the constructions are also well adapted to the four-cycle t e.

yiVhile herein is described and shown the preferred form of my invention, 1 do not limit myself to this specific arrangement, as many changes and modifications will readily suggest themselves to anyone skilled in the art without .departing from the invention as defined by the claims. What I claim is 1. An internal combustion prising a cylinder having a combustion chamber, a cylinder head provided withan annular lip surrounding the combustion chamber and forming with the adjacent and inner wall section of the cylinder an annular air super-compression chamber surrounding thelip, a piston in said cylinder having an annular extension so constructed, ar-

ranged and adapted to register with and enter into said annular super-compression engine comchamber and entrap a portion of the airBin the cylinder and super-compress the same in said super-compression chamber and force it into the inner end of the combustion chamber to create turbulence and assist the vaporization and combustion of the. fuel, and a fuel spray valve in said cylinder head constructed. and arranged to inject a fuel jet or jets into said combustion chamber soas to be acted upon by the super-compressed air after delivery into said combustionchamber.

,2. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a cylinderhead formed with a combustion chamber .and provided With an annular lip forming with the adjacent and inner wall section of the cylinder an annular air super-compression chamber, a

piston in said cylinder having an annular extension constructed, arranged and adapted to register with and enter into said annular super-compression chamber and entrap a portion of the air in the cylinder and supercompress the same in said super-compress1on chamber and force it through a restricted annular opening into the outer edge of the combustion chamber to create turbulance and assist the vaporization and combustion of the fuel, and a fuel spray valve. in said cylinder head constructed and arranged to inject a multiplicity of fuel jets into said combustion chamber, said fuel jets diverging in a hollow cone formation and-impinging on the piston so that thec'ircumference of the base of the cone will be in close proximity to the delivery end of the communicating passageor passages between said super compression chamber and said combustion chamber.

substantially conical combustion chamber and provided with an'annular lip forming with the adjacent and inner wall section of the cylinder an annular air super-compression chamber, a piston in said cylinder having an annular extension constructed, arranged and adapted to register with and cnter into said annular super-compression chamber and entrap a portion ofo the air in the cylinder and-super-comprcss the same in said super-compression chamber and force it through an annular restricted opening adja 7 cent to said annular lip and into the combustion chamber to create turbulence and assist the vaporization and combustion of the fuel, and a fuel spra -valve in said cylinder head constructed an arranged to inject a multiplicity of fuel jets into. said combustion chamber, said fuel jets diverging in a hollow cone formation and impinging on the piston so that the circumference of the base of the cone will be in close proximity to the delivery end of the communicating passage or passages between said super-compression chamber and said combustion chamber.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a cylinder head formed with a substantially conical combustion chamber and provided with an annular lip forming with the adjacent and inner wall section of the cylinder an annular air super-compres sion chamber,a piston in said cylinder having an annular extension constructed, arranged and adapted to register with a slight clearance and enter into said annular super-compression chamber and entrap a portion of the air in the cylinderand super-compress the same in said super-compression chamber and force a flaring annular jet of compressed air into the combustion chamber to create turbulence and assist the vaporization and combustion of the fuel, and a fuel spray valve in said cylinder head constructed and ararnged to.

inject a flaring fuel jet or jets into, and ad jacent to the walls of, the combustion chamber so as to be acted upon by the super-compressed air after delivery into said combustion chamber.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber flaring toward the piston, a cylinder head so constructed and arranged to form an annular air super-compression chamber surrounding the inner end of the combustion chamber, a piston in said cylinder having an annular extension constructed, arranged and adapted to register with a slight clearance and enter into said annular super-compression chamber and entrap a portion of the air in the cylinder and supereompress the same in said super-compression chamber-and force it toward the axis of the cylinder and into the inner end of the combustion chamber to create turbulence and assist the vaporization and combustion of'the.

fuel, and a fuel spray valve in said cylinder head constructed and arranged to inject a fuel jet or jets into said combustion-chamber towards and in contact with the piston and so as to be acted upon by the super-compressed air after delivery into said combustion chamber.

6. An internal combustion engine of the two-stroke cycle port scavenging type comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber flaring toward the piston, a cylinder head arranged to form an air supercompression chamber surrounding the inner end of the combustion chamber, a piston in said cylinder having a symmetrical inner end with an extension constructed, arranged and adapted to'enter a corresponding chamber or passage in said cylinder head and ent-rap a portion of the air in the cylinder and super-compress the same in said super-compression chamber and force it into the inner end of the combustion chamber to create turbulence and assist the vaporization and-combustion of the fuel, and a fuel spray valve constructed and arranged to inject a fuel jet or jets into said combustion chamber so as to be acted upon by the super-compressed air after delivery into said combustion chamber.

7. An internal combustion engine, having a combustion chamber 13 flaring toward the piston with a lip 14 surrounding the inner end of the combustion chamber and forming an annular super-compression chamber outside said lip, a piston 16 having an extension 17 entering said annular chamber, and means for injecting fuel into said combustion chamber.

8. An internal combustion engine, having a combustion chamber 13 flaring toward the piston with a lip 14 surrounding the inner end of the combustion chamber and forming an annular super-compression chamber outside said lip, a piston 16 having a concave face opposite the inner end of the combustion chamber and an extension 17 surrounding said concave face and entering said annular chamber, and means for injecting fuel into said combustion chamber.

9. An internal combustion engine, having a combustion chamber 13 flaring toward the piston with a lip 14 surrounding the inner end of the combustion chamber and forming an annular super-compression chamber outside said lip, a piston 16 having a concave face opposite the inner end of the combustion chamber and an exenstion 17 surrounding said concave face and entering said annular chamber, and means for injecting fuel in a flaring spray to impinge upon the piston near the inner side of the projection.

10. An oil engine having a substantially cylindrical projection in the head thereof and a combustion chamber flaring toward the piston within said projection, said engine having a piston provided With an annullar end the base 'of which is of concave contour forming a recess in, said piston, the annular end of said piston being adapted to enter the annular cylinder space between the wall of the cylinder and the annular projection thereof, said cylinder head having an is compressed to a higher pressure than the.

air located in the piston, said recess form-- ing a part of the combustion chamber into which a powerful annular current of air is forced from said annular cylinder space during a portion of the inner stroke of the piston, said annular current "of air being deflected by the'concave end of said piston space to the center of the piston, whereby the inclined jet of oil is forced into a violently agitated body of air.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

CHARLES G. BARRETT. 

